State Comparison
Oregon leads all 52 jurisdictions with 14 of 18 possible points. No jurisdiction earned an A this cycle. The average jurisdiction has adopted just three of the nine limits — 17 have adopted none at all.
The full ranking
All 52 states and jurisdictions, measured against the same nine limits. Every score reflects what is written in that state’s own statute books — nothing here is an opinion.
Showing all 52 states and jurisdictions.
| Ranked by total points, then by how many limits are held at full strength. States with identical results share a rank, so you will see numbers repeat.How the ranking worksRanked by total points, then by how many limits are held at full strength. States with identical results share a rank, so you will see numbers repeat. | State | A letter for the total score out of 18 points. A is 15 points or more. B is 12 to 14. C is 8 to 11. D is 4 to 7. F is 3 or fewer.How the letter grade worksA letter for the total score out of 18 points. A is 15 points or more. B is 12 to 14. C is 8 to 11. D is 4 to 7. F is 3 or fewer.See the methodology → | Each of the nine limits is worth up to 2 points: 2 for the strongest version on the books, 1 for a weaker version, 0 for no law. Nine limits, so 18 points is a perfect score.How points are earnedEach of the nine limits is worth up to 2 points: 2 for the strongest version on the books, 1 for a weaker version, 0 for no law. Nine limits, so 18 points is a perfect score.See the methodology → | How many of the nine limits the state has in any form — strong or weak. A state can have a law in place and still score only 1 point for it.Laws in placeHow many of the nine limits the state has in any form — strong or weak. A state can have a law in place and still score only 1 point for it. | The state’s own police, money, buildings, and equipment cannot be used for federal civil enforcement.1 · No state resources usedThe state’s own police, money, buildings, and equipment cannot be used for federal civil enforcement.Read the full limit → | No local police officer can be signed up to act as a federal civil enforcement agent.2 · No deputized local policeNo local police officer can be signed up to act as a federal civil enforcement agent.Read the full limit → | No state help with enforcement at schools, hospitals, or courthouses — and no entry to their private areas without a warrant signed by a judge.3 · Off-limits: schools, hospitals, courthousesNo state help with enforcement at schools, hospitals, or courthouses — and no entry to their private areas without a warrant signed by a judge.Read the full limit → | For-profit companies cannot run civil detention in the state, and the state will not permit, fund, or lease space for it.4 · Limit for-profit detentionFor-profit companies cannot run civil detention in the state, and the state will not permit, fund, or lease space for it.Read the full limit → | Residents’ driver, school, health, voter, and licensing records stay put unless a judge signs a warrant.5 · Protect personal recordsResidents’ driver, school, health, voter, and licensing records stay put unless a judge signs a warrant.Read the full limit → | A judge has to sign a warrant before anyone is held or handed over for federal civil enforcement. An agency’s own paperwork does not count.6 · Require a judge's warrantA judge has to sign a warrant before anyone is held or handed over for federal civil enforcement. An agency’s own paperwork does not count.Read the full limit → | The state has to publish, by law, what help it gives federal civil enforcement.7 · Public cooperation recordThe state has to publish, by law, what help it gives federal civil enforcement.Read the full limit → | The limits have teeth: people can sue over a violation, or the attorney general can enforce them.8 · Hold enforcement accountableThe limits have teeth: people can sue over a violation, or the attorney general can enforce them.Read the full limit → | Officers show identification and keep their faces uncovered on duty, cameras keep recording, and the public keeps the right to film.9 · Identified agents, recording allowedOfficers show identification and keep their faces uncovered on duty, cameras keep recording, and the public keeps the right to film.Read the full limit → | A state law that requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement — the opposite of a limit. These states are running the other way.Requires helpA state law that requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement — the opposite of a limit. These states are running the other way.See the list → |
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| 1 | Oregon | B | 14 of 18 | 9 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | Full strength | Partial | Partial | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | No |
| 2 | California | B | 13 of 18 | 7 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | No law | Full strength | Full strength | Full strength | No law | Full strength | No |
| 3 | Maryland | B | 12 of 18 | 8 of 9 | Partial | Full strength | Partial | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | No law | Partial | Full strength | No |
| 4 | Illinois | B | 12 of 18 | 9 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | Partial | Partial | Full strength | Partial | Partial | Partial | No |
| 5 | New York | C | 11 of 18 | 8 of 9 | Partial | Full strength | Partial | Partial | Full strength | Partial | No law | Partial | Full strength | No |
| 6 | Colorado | C | 10 of 18 | 7 of 9 | Partial | Partial | Full strength | No law | Full strength | Full strength | No law | Partial | Partial | No |
| 6 | Connecticut | C | 10 of 18 | 7 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | No law | Partial | Partial | No law | Partial | Full strength | No |
| 6 | New Jersey | C | 10 of 18 | 7 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | No law | No law | Partial | Partial | Full strength | Partial | Partial | No |
| 6 | Washington | C | 10 of 18 | 7 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | Partial | No law | Partial | No law | Partial | Full strength | No |
| 10 | Maine | C | 8 of 18 | 5 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | Partial | No law | Partial | Full strength | No law | No law | No law | No |
| 11 | Massachusetts | C | 8 of 18 | 7 of 9 | Partial | Partial | Partial | No law | Partial | Full strength | No law | Partial | Partial | No |
| 12 | Hawaii | D | 7 of 18 | 5 of 9 | Full strength | Full strength | No law | No law | Partial | Partial | No law | No law | Partial | No |
| 13 | New Mexico | D | 7 of 18 | 6 of 9 | Partial | Full strength | No law | Partial | Partial | No law | No law | Partial | Partial | No |
| 14 | Virginia | D | 7 of 18 | 7 of 9 | Partial | Partial | Partial | No law | Partial | Partial | No law | Partial | Partial | No |
| 15 | Delaware | D | 5 of 18 | 4 of 9 | No law | Full strength | No law | Partial | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Partial | No |
| 16 | District of Columbia | D | 4 of 18 | 4 of 9 | Partial | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No law | Partial | No law | Partial | No |
| 16 | Rhode Island | D | 4 of 18 | 4 of 9 | No law | No law | Partial | No law | Partial | Partial | No law | Partial | No law | No |
| 16 | Vermont | D | 4 of 18 | 4 of 9 | Partial | Partial | Partial | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No law | No |
| 19 | Nevada | F | 3 of 18 | 3 of 9 | No law | No law | Partial | No law | Partial | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No |
| 20 | Georgia | F | 2 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Full strength | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Arkansas | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Florida | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Iowa | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Kentucky | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No |
| 21 | Louisiana | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Minnesota | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No law | No law | No law | No law | No |
| 21 | Mississippi | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Nebraska | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No law | No law | No law | No law | No |
| 21 | New Hampshire | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Oklahoma | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No |
| 21 | Puerto Rico | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No |
| 21 | South Carolina | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Texas | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Utah | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | Yes — state law requires help |
| 21 | Wisconsin | F | 1 of 18 | 1 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Partial | No |
| 36 | Alabama | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Alaska | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No |
| 36 | Arizona | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Idaho | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Indiana | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Kansas | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Michigan | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No |
| 36 | Missouri | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Montana | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | North Carolina | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | North Dakota | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Ohio | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No |
| 36 | Pennsylvania | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No |
| 36 | South Dakota | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Tennessee | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | West Virginia | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
| 36 | Wyoming | F | 0 of 18 | 0 of 9 | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | No law | Yes — state law requires help |
All 52 rows are inside the box above — scroll within it to keep going, and sideways if the columns run past the edge on a narrow screen. The header row and the state names stay put while you scroll.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Requires help State law requires local agencies to help federal civil enforcement.
Methodology v3.5 · scored Aug 20 2026
The same nine limits, in the same order, for every state on this page.
The state’s own police, money, buildings, and equipment cannot be used for federal civil enforcement.
Read the full limit →No local police officer can be signed up to act as a federal civil enforcement agent.
Read the full limit →No state help with enforcement at schools, hospitals, or courthouses — and no entry to their private areas without a warrant signed by a judge.
Read the full limit →For-profit companies cannot run civil detention in the state, and the state will not permit, fund, or lease space for it.
Read the full limit →Residents’ driver, school, health, voter, and licensing records stay put unless a judge signs a warrant.
Read the full limit →A judge has to sign a warrant before anyone is held or handed over for federal civil enforcement. An agency’s own paperwork does not count.
Read the full limit →The state has to publish, by law, what help it gives federal civil enforcement.
Read the full limit →The limits have teeth: people can sue over a violation, or the attorney general can enforce them.
Read the full limit →Officers show identification and keep their faces uncovered on duty, cameras keep recording, and the public keeps the right to film.
Read the full limit →Who’s closest
4 jurisdictions have adopted at least eight of the nine limits — as close as any state has come to the complete model.
Who hasn’t started
17 states have adopted none of the nine limits — no version of any limit is currently in effect.
Running the other way
23 states have a law on the books that affirmatively mandates cooperation with federal civil enforcement — the direct opposite of a limit.
Scores follow Federal Limits methodology v3.5, scored Aug 20 2026. Every provision behind a score is adapted from a law a state has already enacted — see the citations on each state’s brief.
Read what each of the nine limits actually does, or see the model bill that puts all nine into one statute.
See the Nine Limits → Read the model bill →