The Virginia Brief

Grade D · 7 of 18 points

No state mandate compels cooperation with federal civil immigration enforcement.

The nine standards

Full · Partial · None

	Standard	Status	Citation
1	No state resources used	Partial	SB 783 (signed 2026-04-22, eff. 2026-07-01) - statutory limits on state/local cooperation with federal civil immigration enforcement (partial). EO 12 supplementary (non-durable).
2	No deputized local police	Partial	SB 783 (signed 2026-04-22) - conditions on federal immigration agreements + judicial-warrant requirement (partial 287(g) restriction). EO 12 supplementary.
3	Off-limits: schools, hospitals, courthouses	Partial	Va. Code § 15.2-1726.1(C)(4), enacted 2026 cc. 1028, 1098 (HB 1441/SB 783) — schools, faith-based organizations and courthouses, but ONLY as a required term of a federal immigration enforcement agreement (conditional, not a freestanding statewide bar)
4	Limit for-profit detention	None	Source missing
5	Protect personal records	Partial	Va. Code §46.2-208(B)(9)
6	Require a judge's warrant	Partial	Va. Code § 15.2-1726.1(B), enacted 2026 cc. 1028, 1098 — no law-enforcement assistance with federal civil immigration enforcement absent a judicial warrant or judicial subpoena; + SB 783 (signed 2026-04-22, eff. 2026-07-01)
7	Public cooperation record	None	Source missing
8	Hold enforcement accountable	Partial	Va. Code § 15.2-1726.1(F), enacted 2026 cc. 1028, 1098 (HB 1441 / SB 783) — "the Attorney General, an attorney for the Commonwealth, or a county or city attorney may enforce the provisions of this section and the conditions provided in subsection C by seeking injunctive or declaratory relief"; prevailing party recovers reasonable attorney fees and costs. Reaches state and local agencies. (No PRA.)
9	Identified agents, recording allowed	Partial	Va. Code §19.2-83.6:2(A)-(B),(D)

The gaps, as vote-ready asks

No state resources used (Partial provision) — bar the state’s own officers, money, equipment, and facilities from federal civil immigration enforcement. What this limit is → See the model language →
No deputized local police (Partial provision) — end 287(g) deputization agreements and any contract that hands local policing to federal civil enforcement. What this limit is → See the model language →
Off-limits: schools, hospitals, courthouses (Partial provision) — keep federal civil enforcement out of schools, hospitals, and courthouses absent a judge’s warrant. What this limit is → See the model language →
Limit for-profit detention (No provision) — stop state permits, funding, and leases from propping up for-profit immigration detention. What this limit is → See the model language →
Protect personal records (Partial provision) — wall off residents’ voter, DMV, school, health, and licensing records from federal civil enforcement without a judge’s warrant. What this limit is → See the model language →
Require a judge's warrant (Partial provision) — require a judge’s warrant before state or local cooperation with a civil detainer. What this limit is → See the model language →
Public cooperation record (No provision) — put cooperation with federal civil enforcement on the public record. What this limit is → See the model language →
Hold enforcement accountable (Partial provision) — give residents a real remedy when enforcement crosses the line. What this limit is → See the model language →
Identified agents, recording allowed (Partial provision) — require federal agents to identify themselves and allow recording during enforcement. What this limit is → See the model language →