The Vermont Brief

Grade D · 5 of 18 points

No state mandate compels cooperation with federal civil immigration enforcement.

The nine standards

Full · Partial · None

	Standard	Status	Citation
1	No state resources used	Partial	20 V.S.A. § 2366 (FIP) + Act 75 (2023)
2	No deputized local police	Partial	S.44 / Act 28 (2025) + 20 V.S.A. § 4652 — only Governor (with AG) can authorize 287(g)
3	Off-limits: schools, hospitals, courthouses	Partial	20 V.S.A. § 2366 (FIP sensitive-location considerations)
4	Limit for-profit detention	None	Source missing
5	Protect personal records	Partial	23 V.S.A. §603 (Driver Privilege Card) + voter-MOU refusal
6	Require a judge's warrant	Partial	H.849 Constitutional Accountability Act (Apr 27, 2026) — PRA for federal-rights violations
7	Public cooperation record	None	Source missing
8	Hold enforcement accountable	None	H.849 (PRA via constitutional accountability)
9	Identified agents, recording allowed	None	Source missing

The gaps, as vote-ready asks

No state resources used (Partial provision) — bar the state’s own officers, money, equipment, and facilities from federal civil immigration enforcement. What this limit is → See the model language →
No deputized local police (Partial provision) — end 287(g) deputization agreements and any contract that hands local policing to federal civil enforcement. What this limit is → See the model language →
Off-limits: schools, hospitals, courthouses (Partial provision) — keep federal civil enforcement out of schools, hospitals, and courthouses absent a judge’s warrant. What this limit is → See the model language →
Limit for-profit detention (No provision) — stop state permits, funding, and leases from propping up for-profit immigration detention. What this limit is → See the model language →
Protect personal records (Partial provision) — wall off residents’ voter, DMV, school, health, and licensing records from federal civil enforcement without a judge’s warrant. What this limit is → See the model language →
Require a judge's warrant (Partial provision) — require a judge’s warrant before state or local cooperation with a civil detainer. What this limit is → See the model language →
Public cooperation record (No provision) — put cooperation with federal civil enforcement on the public record. What this limit is → See the model language →
Hold enforcement accountable (No provision) — give residents a real remedy when enforcement crosses the line. What this limit is → See the model language →
Identified agents, recording allowed (No provision) — require federal agents to identify themselves and allow recording during enforcement. What this limit is → See the model language →